低空急流识别及急流轴自动绘制方法研究     

王萍  王琮  王迪 《气象》2018,44(7):952-960

低空急流对强对流天气的预报有重要意义。针对目前低空急流主要由手工绘制,存在效率低、易受主观因素影响的问题,本文基于MICAPS高空全要素填图数据中的探空站风场信息,提出了一种低空急流自动识别及急流轴自动绘制算法。算法从急流轴定义出发,依次从风速、风向、探空站分布、中轴线位置等多个角度对低空急流轴进行检测。经过传递闭包聚类、急流轴关键点提取、不同风向急流轴关键点归并、急流轴平滑等步骤,实现了低空急流自动识别及急流轴的自动绘制。测试表明,在识别的基础上自动绘制的急流轴具有位置准确、形态自然、能完整反映急流水汽输送路径、适应复杂环境低空急流等特点。在291组测试数据中未发现空报,准确击中率达到94.96%。  相似文献   

基于Quanser实验平台的带有输出约束单连杆柔性机械臂的神经网络控制     

侯佳祎  高赫佳  贺威  孙长银 《南京气象学院学报》2018,10(6):695-705

机械臂在航空航天、服务等领域的应用越来越广泛,其研究也越来越深入.相比于刚性机械臂,柔性机械臂质量轻、能耗小,具有更好的性能.但是,由于柔性机械臂本身的结构与材料具有特殊性,其在运动过程中会产生弹性形变与振动,这就给机械臂的定位、轨迹跟踪带来了困难,因此对其振动抑制的研究具有重要意义.本文利用假设模态法对单连杆柔性机械臂系统进行建模,通过李雅普诺夫直接法实现了闭环系统的稳定性.由于一些实际问题对控制系统的状态量有特殊要求,因此采用正切函数形式的障碍李雅普诺夫策略来处理输出约束问题,之后利用神经网络控制方法来逼近系统的不确定性,通过李雅普诺夫法对闭环系统的稳定性进行了分析,并基于Matlab平台设计仿真、基于Quanser实验平台进行实验,对控制器的控制性能进行了验证.  相似文献   

高阶非线性系统自适应模糊有限时间状态约束控制     

范彦丽  李永明  佟绍成 《南京气象学院学报》2021,13(1):79-86

针对一类具有状态约束的非严格反馈高阶非线性系统,研究一种自适应模糊有限时间跟踪控制问题.首先,利用模糊逻辑系统逼近不确定性非线性函数,在此基础上,采用障碍Lyapunov函数,解决状态约束问题,通过障碍加幂积分方法和反步递推技术,提出了一种有限时间控制设计方法.在有限时间Lyapunov稳定意义下,严格证明闭环系统半全局实际有限时间稳定且系统的状态不超出给定的约束边界,并实现了有限时间跟踪控制目标.最后,仿真研究进一步验证了所提出控制方法的有效性.  相似文献   

Observation of abnormal thermal and infrasound signals prior to the earthquakes: a study on Bonin Island earthquake M7.8 (May 30, 2015)     

N. Venkatanathan  Yi-Chun Yang  Jun Lyu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(5):228

Scientists from all over the world try to incorporate multi-disciplinary precursors to forecast the earthquake on a short-term basis. The authors here have analyzed outgoing longwave radiations acquired from polar-orbiting National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminstration (NOAA) satellites and long-period infrasound waves recorded by the ground observatories in China prior to the recent Bonin Islands, Japan region earthquake which occurred on May 30, 2015 with the magnitude of 7.8. The anomalous outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) was observed on May 15, 2015, and was recorded by “NOAA 18” satellite during its “night pass.” Similarly, an abnormal infrasound spike was recorded at the Beijing station on May 17, 2015. The delay in observing anomalous infrasound waves compared to the OLR anomaly is due to these low-frequency waves traveling at low speed with the velocity range of 10–15 m/s. From the analysis of the results, it can be inferred that there is a substantial relation between parameters like OLR and infrasound waves; hence, the authors conclude that it is possible to forecast the earthquake on a short-term basis with reasonable accuracy.  相似文献   

北斗三频无几何、消电离层组合周跳探测方法研究     

王华润  柴洪洲  谢恺 《大地测量与地球动力学》2015,35(3):406-411

根据多频组合理论,构造基于北斗三频数据的无几何、消电离层组合,结合双频MW组合法和电离层残差法,对北斗实测三频数据进行周跳探测。实验表明,上述3种组合的结合使用能探测出所有大小的周跳,并具有较好的修复效果。  相似文献   

An age for the Korath Range,Ethiopia and the viability of 40Ar/39Ar dating of kaersutite in Late Pleistocene volcanics     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2014

The Korath Range is the northernmost of five Quaternary volcanic fields along the axis of the Turkana rift of northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia. It is located within the Omo River valley of Ethiopia, a culturally diverse region that contains abundant Plio-Pleistocene human remains, which have been essential to refining our understanding of hominid evolution. Yet, very little geochronologic information is available for the Korath Range. We have undertaken ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar incremental heating experiments, using two techniques, on kaersutite phenocrysts from a pyroclastic flow and obtained a weighted mean age of 91 ± 15 ka (2σ). The results, although imprecise, suggest that ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronology of these Ti-rich amphiboles can yield useful age information.  相似文献   

On-chip earthquake simulation model using potentials     

I. G. Georgoudas  G. Ch. Sirakoulis  E. M. Scordilis  I. Th. Andreadis 《Natural Hazards》2009,50(3):519-537

A two-dimensional (2-D) Cellular Automata (CA) dynamic system constituted of cells-charges has been proposed for the simulation of the earthquake process. The CA model has been calibrated with the use of real data. The calibration incorporates major seismic characteristics of the area under test. The simulation results are found in good quantitative and qualitative agreement with the recorded Gutenberg–Richter (GR) scaling relations. The model is enriched with a powerful multi-parameter interface that enables the user to load real data from different regions. This paper examines the on-chip realisation of the model and its instrumentation. The CA model hardware implementation is based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) logic. It utilises an array of 32 × 32 cells. Parameters that construct the local CA rule constitute the input data. The initial seed, which to some extent corresponds to the seismic features of the area under test, is loaded in a semi-parallel way and the process is completed in a certain number of time steps. The automatic response of the processor provides the corresponding GR scaling law of the area under study. The hardware implementation of the CA-based earthquake simulation model is advantageous in terms of low-cost, high-speed, compactness and portability features. It can operate as a preliminary data-acquisition filter that accelerates the evaluation of recorded data as far as its origin time, spatial and magnitude completeness and quality are concerned. Software that performs reliable automatic phase picking, as well as data elaboration, can be assembled next to the earthquake recording instruments (the whole network) output to assure a quick and reliable iteration of the focal parameters of a recorded earthquake (epicentre coordinates, focal depth and magnitude). The dedicated processor can be accommodated right after this stage (before any manual elaboration) focusing on the near real-time development of a reliable qualitative dynamical seismic record and a mapping of the seismic characteristics of the area.  相似文献   

Porosity–permeability properties generated with a new 2-parameter 3D hydraulic pore-network model for consolidated and unconsolidated porous media     

《Advances in water resources》2004,27(7):707-723

A new method is presented to construct a simple and general site bond correlated 3D HYdraulic POre Network model (HYPON) of hydraulic behavior of porous media for a wide range of permeability and porosity. Pore scale microstructure in this model is captured through simple power functions of Beti's influence lines that fix both the location and the size of throat (the narrowest section of bond) by relating the important elements of microstructure such as coordination number, porebody sizes and pore wall curvature. The new element in pore-network architecture is thus, the location of throat, which is important for smooth hydraulic transitions during steady state flow conditions. Despite the reduced number of parameters in comparison with other pore-network models, the morphological characteristics of HYPON compare well to those of the process-based predictive models in literature, and these characteristics are sensitive to the variance of porebody sizes rather than to the used type of the porebody size distributions. Processes such as diagenesis and dissolution are captured implicitly through the pore wall curvature parameter. Different combinations of porosity and permeability relations are obtained if the bond curvature and porebody sizes are varied. These relations reveal that effects of diagenesis and dissolution on the permeability may be ignored as they are secondary to effects on porosity.  相似文献   

Reconciling the centimeter- and millimeter-wavelength ammonia absorption spectra under jovian conditions: Extensive millimeter-wavelength measurements and a consistent model     

Kiruthika Devaraj  Paul G. Steffes  Bryan M. Karpowicz 《Icarus》2011,212(1):224-235

Over 1000 laboratory measurements of the 2-4 mm-wavelength opacity of ammonia have been made under simulated jovian atmospheric conditions using a high-precision laboratory system developed at Georgia Tech. These laboratory measurements of the opacity of ammonia were made of various gas mixtures of hydrogen (∼77.5-85.5%), helium (∼12.5-13.5%), and ammonia (1-10%) at pressures between 1 and 3 bars and temperatures between 200 and 300 K. Laboratory measurements were also made of the opacity of pure ammonia at pressures between 0.05 and 1 bar and temperatures between 200 and 300 K. Using these millimeter-wavelength measurements and close to 2000 cm-wavelength measurements made by Hanley et al. (2009), a new consistent model has been developed to accurately characterize the absorption spectra of ammonia in a hydrogen/helium atmosphere in the 1 mm to 30 cm wavelength range. This model can be used in the 1-30 cm wavelength range at pressures up to 20 bars and temperatures from 200 to 500 K and in the 1 mm to 1 cm wavelength range at pressures up to 3 bars and temperatures from 200 to 300 K. These measurements and the accompanying model will enable better interpretation of the centimeter- and millimeter-wavelength emission spectra of the jovian planets.  相似文献   

Rotation measure variations for 20 millisecond pulsars     

W. M. Yan  R. N. Manchester  G. Hobbs  W. van Straten  J. E. Reynolds  N. Wang  M. Bailes  N. D. R. Bhat  S. Burke-Spolaor  D. J. Champion  A. Chaudhary  W. A. Coles  A. W. Hotan  J. Khoo  S. Oslowski  J. M. Sarkissian  D. R. B. Yardley 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2011,335(2):485-498

We report on variations in the mean position angle of the 20 millisecond pulsars being observed as part of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) project. It is found that the observed variations are dominated by changes in the Faraday rotation occurring in the Earth??s ionosphere. Two ionospheric models are used to correct for the ionospheric contribution and it is found that one based on the International Reference Ionosphere gave the best results. Little or no significant long-term variation in interstellar RM was found with limits typically about 0.1 rad?m^?2?yr^?1 in absolute value. In a few cases, apparently significant RM variations over timescales of a few 100 days or more were seen. These are unlikely to be due to localised magnetised regions crossing the line of sight since the implied magnetic fields are too high. Most probably they are statistical fluctuations due to random spatial and temporal variations in the interstellar electron density and magnetic field along the line of sight.  相似文献